Why do tunnel projects use waterproof membranes?

Tunnel is a kind of artificially excavated channel. Due to its special location and environment, many factors need to be considered in the construction of tunnels, such as water penetration, soil stability, and durability of building structures. Therefore, in order to ensure the long-term stability and safety of the tunnel, the waterproof membrane has become an indispensable part of the construction of the tunnel.

1. The special environment of the tunnel

Tunnels have a special environment and are located underground. Generally, they will be in contact with groundwater. Groundwater will seep into the interior of the tunnel, resulting in increased moisture in the tunnel, which in turn will affect the stability and service life of the tunnel. The waterproof membrane can prevent groundwater from penetrating into the tunnel, thereby maintaining the stability and service life of the tunnel.

2. The role of waterproof membrane

Waterproof membrane is a waterproof and moisture-proof material, made of polymer materials, has excellent waterproof performance and chemical resistance, and can effectively block the penetration of water. In tunnel construction, the waterproof membrane mainly has the following functions:

Prevent groundwater infiltration

The inside of the tunnel is generally in contact with groundwater. If there is no waterproof membrane, the groundwater will seep into the inside of the tunnel, resulting in increased moisture in the tunnel, which will affect the stability and service life of the tunnel.

Prevent groundwater jetting into tunnels during earthquakes

When an earthquake occurs, groundwater may spray into the tunnel, causing flooding inside the tunnel. The waterproof membrane also prevents the jetting of groundwater during an earthquake.

Prevent moisture in the environment inside the tunnel

The waterproof membrane can prevent the penetration of groundwater into the tunnel, thereby maintaining the dry environment inside the tunnel and reducing the erosion of water vapor on the tunnel building structure.

3. Types of waterproof membrane

Tunnel waterproof membranes are made of various materials, such as polymer materials, asphalt, cement, etc. Among them, polymer material waterproof membrane is one of the most commonly used waterproof membrane materials in tunnel construction, and it has the following advantages:

• Good waterproof performance: The polymer material waterproof membrane has excellent waterproof performance and can effectively isolate the penetration of groundwater.
• Good chemical resistance: The polymer material waterproof membrane can withstand a variety of chemical corrosion, such as acid, alkali, etc., and will not reduce the waterproof effect due to environmental changes.
• Convenience in construction: The construction of the polymer material waterproof membrane is simple, only need to lay the waterproof membrane inside the tunnel.

In addition to polymer waterproof membranes, asphalt waterproof membranes and cement waterproof membranes are also commonly used waterproof membrane materials in tunnel construction. Bitumen waterproof membrane is a kind of waterproof membrane that is laid inside the tunnel after heating and melting asphalt, a by-product of the refinery. The cement waterproof membrane is a mixture of cement and waterproofing agent, which needs to be sprayed inside the tunnel during construction.

In short, the waterproof membrane plays an important role in tunnel construction, and can effectively prevent groundwater from penetrating into the tunnel, thereby maintaining the stability and service life of the tunnel. With the continuous development of waterproof membrane technology, there are more and more types of waterproof membranes. When constructing tunnels, suitable waterproof membrane materials can be selected according to actual conditions.

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